use carbon fibre microelectrode in analysis of the natural object

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Dr. Wittwer is the "godfather" of the greening of planet earth hypothesis, that is, increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are an environmental benefit because of their impact on plant life. His research review is an antidote to fear of catastrophic changes in climate brought on by humankind's CO2 emissions.

It is in vogue to refer to carbon dioxide as a pollutant because it is the inevitable consequence of carbon (fossil fuel, wood, peat) combustion. Dr. Wittwer correctly observes that it is the elixir of life on earth and a universally-free premium because of its stimulation of plant growth, its contribution to water-use efficiency in plants, and the way in which it helps plants resist a variety of environmental stresses. This aspect of the climate change debate has been for too long ignored, overlooked or denigrated.

Thoughtful readers will find the research reviewed by Dr. Wittwer to be extremely compelling. He anticipates his skeptics and makes an overwhelming case firmly rooted in empirical research carried on throughout the world.

To find the solution. How could i avoid the generation of heat when the ozone gas passthrough the activated carbon?

This book covers one of the most interesting topics for producing natural extracts without solvent residues in the product. Further it is possible to fractionate the products by changing pressure and temperature in the down stream process very low energy consumption compared to traditional methods.

I am wondering why there is no stronger interest from industry for this technology, because up to now only few plants of industrial scale are operated with this technology, although a lot of research work has been done up to now.

I hope that this book rises the interest for this very actual and profitable technology. I am doing research in high pressure extraction for more than 10 years but it is very difficult to pursade the industrial partner to introduce such a plant in their companies.

I want to gratulate the author for this very detailed and good understandable book.

Thomas Gamse

What a pleasure to discover a new poet who uses words so adeptly to invoke the vivid images Seidman does. His poems, his haikus...they all, some more than others (but each one so well written), not only affords an opportunity to see things through his capturing eyes, but to share special moments with those he writes about. This is a must read for everyone, not only for those who love good poetry. Bravo, Anthony Seidman!

Hassler belongs in the library of anyone who needs toremove contaminants from air or water or who wants to know more about probably the most important single pollution control product ever invented. Most people have heard of activated charcoal ­ it's in our home water filters, charcoal caps to control intestinal gas or to treat poisoning. Few people realize the extent to which activated carbon is used in water purification in city water systems, in making sugar white, in nuclear plants, in removing odors from building air, etc., etc. Within the context of his technical subject, Hassler makes the wide range of his commercial experience with activated carbon easily understandable. The implications of some of the concepts he deals with are just now being fully exploited by new activated carbon products and technologies. This book should be in the reference library of activated carbon application engineers, pollution remediation engineers, environmentalists, and those responsible for purifying gases or liquids in their own plants. For those unfamiliar with activated carbon, Hassler introduces the various types and explains where each type is best used, and how the carbon's effectiveness and quality can be tested. This is a technical book about a technical subject, but it does not delve deeply into the theoretical physics of how activated carbon works; it is, however, probably the best overall survey treatment that has been written on activated carbon in English. If only we can convince the publisher to update and reissue it! In any case, I'm trying to track down a used copy for our own technical library, as I feel it is an essential volume, in any reasonable condition

I have always been fascinated by the Turin Shroud. When it was finally carbon dated and sadly proved to be a fake (or is it a fake, even now there are doubts?) I felt immense sadness even though I am not of the Christian faith.
In the early 1970s onwards Professor Grove set about with a group of fellow scientists, religious zealots, curious hangers-on and an assortment of faithful doubters to use this new technique in a scientific manner to prove the worth of carbon dating. And what better than a piece of historical enigma to use this new discovery on other than the Turin Shroud?
This book follows Professor Grove through the many years of negotiation it took before the Vatican finally allowed the controversial experiment to go ahead.
In parts this book is highly technical but Professor Grove manages to make himself and the theory behind Carbon dating understood. He is never sentimental but I picked up on a quiet unspoken faith he has in both the scientific and the religious and he comes across as man who somehow manages to balance these diametrically opposed modes of thought in a coherent and sensible way..
This is both a good read, surprisingly quite humorous in parts as well as being a technical masterpiece which anyone with a leaning toward academia will appreciate. Worth getting out from your local library if the cost is too prohibitive.

The contributed volume of fourteen chapters is opened by a remark from one of the editors K. Fukui (1918-1998). The Nobel laureate of 1981 calls nanotubes and fullerenes 'splendid gift' and points out that such developments of mesoscopic scale suggest the possibility to realize the 'Schroedinger-cat states'.

The following three chapters treat various essential aspects of carbon nanotubes. M. Yumura deals with synthesis and purification of nanotubes. Their electron diffraction and microscopy is described by S. Amelinckx et al. The third chapter in this block, written by T. Hanada et al., discusses electron energy loss spectroscopy as a tool for nanotube structural studies.

The group of the next five chapters is devoted to more specific aspects of nanotube structure and behavior. Electronic structure of single-walled nanotubes is analyzed in a theoretical chapter by K. Tanaka et al. The following chapter from R. Saito et al. deals with phonon structure and Raman effect of single-walled nanotubes. Contribution from H. Ajiki and T. Ando describes behavior of single-walled nanotubes in magnetic fields. M. Kosaka and K. Tanigaki report on electronic properties of nanotubes probed by magnetic measurements. The last chapter of this block is written be F. Bommeli et al. and deals with optical spectra of nanotubes.

The last block of five papers is already closer to potential applications. The contribution by J.-P. Issi and J.-C. Charlier, actually the longest chapter of the volume, discusses experimental and theoretical aspects of electrical transport in nanotubes. The following chapter from D. Ugarte et al. deals with capillarity phenomena in nanotubes. Contribution written by H. W. Kroto et al. describes large-scale synthesis of nanotubes by pyrolysis. S. Yoshimura discusses nanotubes as a novel pi-electron material and their possible technological applications. The closing chapter by H. Ago and T. Yamabe surveys the present research and application frontiers.

The nicely-produced book gives all this on 191 pages. The chapters are written by leading experts, concentrate on their respective fields of expertise, and are oriented towards advanced researchers rather than to students.

ISBN: 0 08 042696 4

This contributed volume is published as item 33
in Springer Series in Materials Science and is
based on updated and expanded proceedings of the
International Workshop on pi-Electron Materials
held at the Northwestern University, Evanston in
August 1996. The workshop was co-organized
by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation
(JST) in commemoration of the Yoshimura
pi-Electron Materials Project, one of Japanese
national projects within the JST ERATO program.
The volume is opened with introductory and closed
with summary chapter by S. Yoshimura, placing
the topics into a wide context of materials science
and outlining future developments. The main body
of the volume is divided in four parts.

The section named Overview consists of
two beautiful chapters. One is from M. S. Dresselhaus
and surveys various forms of carbon. The other
chapter is written by R. E. Smalley and deals
with crystalline ropes of metallic carbon
nanotubes.

The next specialized part, Synthesis and Properties
of New pi-Electron Materials 1 - Carbon Nanotubes,
starts with a contribution by R. P. H. Chang
et al. on formation of nanotubes, nanowires,
and nanoparticles in a hydrogen arc. The following
chapter is more theoretical - the geometry of
multishell nanotubes is treated by S. Amelinckx
and B. Bernaerts. Catalytic synthesis of carbon
nanotubes, especially catalyzed by supported cobalt
and iron, is discussed in an article by
D. Bernaerts et al. The following contribution
from M. Yudasaka and R. Kikuchi similarly treats
graphitization of carbonaceous materials by Ni, Co and
Fe. Article by S. Yoshimura, R. P. H. Chang et al.
concentrates on intercalation into multiwall
carbon nanotubes and required specific reaction
conditions. The last chapter of this part,
written by R. P. H. Chang, S. Yoshimura et al.,
deals with evidence for quantum transport in carbon
nanotube bundles.

The following specialized part is entitled Synthesis
and Properties of New pi-Electron Materials 2 - New
Carbons and Graphites and opens with a report from S. Tanuma
on synthesis and structure of quasi-one-dimensional carbon
crystal - carbolite, and its intercalation properties.
T. Enoki supplies a chapter on novel carbon-based
host-guest systems with He, H2 and O2 as guest
materials. Carbonaceous mesophase formation and molecular
composition of petroleum feedstocks are discussed in a more
applied article by S. Eser. The last chapter of
this part is from Y. Ohki and reports preparation and
properties of several new pi-electron materials.

The last specialized section, Applications of New
pi-Electron Materials, is opened with a report
on a strategy for preparing defect-minimized fullerene
monolayers written by W. B. Caldwell and C. A. Mirkin.
S. Yoshimura et al. deal with carbonaceous thin
film produced by CVD and its application for
photovoltaic cells. N. Yamada reports photoluminiscence
from carbon/silica gel nanocomposite. Finally,
S. Otani et al. describe how carbon materials
promote growth of certain bacteria.

The book extends over 250 pages, is supplied with 150
figures, and has a very pleasant lay-out. The volume
is certainly an excellent contribution to carbon-based
materials science and should find its way into every
library of the field.

ISBN: 3-540-64379-6